These were first used to great effect in single seaters with Alberto Ascari absolutely dominating the 1952 and 1953 World Championships but later also powered a wide range of sports cars.
The 860 Monza that won its debut race at Sebring was driven by Indy 500 champ Danny Sullivan at the recent Goodwood Revival. (Photo: Wouter Melissen) One of the rarest of these formidable machines, the 860 Monza is the ultimate evolution of the theme. It was built for the 1956 sports-car world championship and was raced alongside the V12-powered 290 MM, with which it shared its sophisticated chassis.
With a victory at the 1956 Sebring 12 Hours in the hands of Juan Manuel Fangio and Eugenio Castelotti, the big Monza gave Ferrari a perfect start to the season.
Just three examples were built and two have survived. We have captured both in recent years, most recently at the Goodwood Revival where Indy 500 winner Danny Sullivan piloted the Sebring winner with great verve. The two 860 Monzas are shown from every angle in this 24-shot gallery.
Originally developed for the all-conquering Ferrari 500 F2 single seater, the Aurelio Lampredi-designed straight four was briefly among Ferrari's most widely used sports car engines during the early 1950s. Following several prototypes raced by the works team in 1953, two production racers were launched in 1954, the 500 Mondial and 750 Monza, equipped with respectively a two- and three-liter version of the four.
The Lambredi-designed inline-four was enlarged to 3.4 liters and a horsepower rating of 280. (Photo: Wouter Melissen) Ferrari's engineers continued the development of the four-cylinder engine in a quest for even more power and torque. By 1955, its maximum displacement of just over 3.4 liters was achieved by boring and stroking the light-alloy block to 102 mm and 105 mm, respectively. That was almost twice the size of the two-liter original, which featured a more modest bore and stroke of 90 mm and 78 mm.
Known as the Tipo 129, the 1955 specification engine followed the design of Lampredi's original, first raced back in 1952. Both the block and head were constructed from light alloy. The beautifully sculpted head featured twin overhead camshafts and could accommodate two plugs per cylinder. The engine was fed by two massive twin-choke Weber carburetors. All this helped the Tipo 129 produce around 280 horsepower and close to 295 pound-feet of torque.
Mated to a five-speed gearbox, the very tall engine was bolted in the Tipo 510 chassis that was virtually identical to the one used for the 750 Monza production cars. The frame was constructed from elliptical tubes and suspension was by double wishbones and coil springs at the front, while the rear used a DeDion axle with a transverse leaf spring.
Chassis 0602M is the first of the three 860 Monzas, serving throughout 1956 as one of the works cars and piloted by the likes of Luigi Musso, Juan Manual Fangio and Eugenio Castelotti. (Photo: Wouter Melissen) Unlike the British rivals, the Italian manufacturer opted to retain the tried-and-tested hydraulic drums over the disc brakes pioneered by Jaguar.
The big four had a unitary displacement of 857.98 cc, and in good Ferrari tradition, the new four-cylinder racer was named after its unitary displacement, so the car was known as the 857 S or Sport.
One of the main reasons the 857 Sport was used only briefly by the Scuderia was that it was quickly followed by the 860 Monza. This used the same Tipo 129 engine but now in combination with the Tipo 520 chassis also used by the V12-engined 290 MM.
Source: http://automotive.speedtv.com/article/vintage-ferraris-fabulous-fours/
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